Desalting crude oil pdf

Pdf experimental investigation of crude oil desalting and. Demulsifying agents are added at this stage to aid in breaking the emulsion by. In recent times, the proper cachet would be the controloptimisation phase marked by terms such as ddp process control, desalter optimisation control or ddp. In the current work, a technical description of desalting crude oil and a wide description of stability emulsion phenomena are carried out. Desalting involves mixing heated crude oil with washing water, using a mixing valve or static mixers to ensure a proper contact between the crude oil and the water, and then passing it to a separating vessel, where a proper separation between the aqueous and organic phases is achieved. Comprehensive chemical analysis and characterization of. An improved method and process unit for desalting petroleum crude oils in which a portion of the stable emulsion layer which forms in the desalter vessel is withdrawn from the desalter and diluted with a liquid diluent, typically oil or water or both to destabilize the emulsion which is then separated into separate oil and water phases. Experimental investigation of kuwaiti crude oil desaltingdehydration process, m. Salt dissolved in water brine enters the crude stream as a contaminant during the production or transportation of oil to refineries. Lho and kho have a particularly high proportion of. Pdf crude oil desalting by using nanocarbon journal of. The first oil refinery unit is crude oil desalting. The water dissolves salt crystals and the mixing distributes the salts into the water, uniformly producing very tiny droplets.

The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. Crude oil desalting water washing water is mixed with the incoming crude oil through a mixing valve. The refiners often wash the crude oil with fresh water, add chemical demulsifier, and use electrical desalting vessel to remove the added water and most of the inorganic contaminants from the crude oil 1. Electric desalting and dewatering of crude oil emulsion based on. Oil dehydration and desalting global process systems.

Crude oil management approach baker hughes, a ge company. Us2785120a process for phenol recovery and crude oil. Modeling and optimization of crude oil desalting by shahrokh ilkhaani a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for. Study on the deferrization and desalting for crude oils. The operation of a desalting system can be very challenging due to changing process. Crude oil desalting the desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. Modeling and optimization of desalting process in oil industry. Electrical desalter is the typical method of crudeoil desalting 2. The purpose of crude oil desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to distillation. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. Introduction when the crude oil enters the unit, it carries with it some brine in the form of very fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. Four deferric agents were synthesized for the testing. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in.

Crude oil desalter encyclopedia article citizendium. Crude slates containing a blend of traditional and heavy crude oil are challenging to desalt in most refineries. Crude oil often contains fine saline water droplets, salt crystals, suspended solids and traces of metals. Pdf desalting crude oil analysis of salt in crude oil. The project aim is the use of carbon nanoadsorbent for removal of salt from crude oil that, unlike other methods of salt separation from crude. Crude oil desalting technology is utilised to remove residual salt to meet these requirements. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. In petroleum industry normally emulsions encountered are some kind of water droplets dispersed in a continuous phase of oil. The crude management program takes a holistic view of the entire refinery operation, beginning with the transportation of crude into the facility, through the desalter, into the crude unit and then to wastewater treatment. The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes, dehydration and hydrocarbon crude intake in the water was calculated based on. Subject terms desalting, thermal, membrane, multistage flash distillation, multieffect distillation, vapor compression, reverse.

The water should be relatively soft in order to prevent scaling. However, many other contaminants such as clay, silt, rust, and other debris also need to be removed. Feb 09, 2017 an improved method and process unit for desalting petroleum crude oils in which a portion of the stable emulsion layer which forms in the desalter vessel is withdrawn from the desalter and diluted with a liquid diluent, typically oil or water or both to destabilize the emulsion which is then separated into separate oil and water phases. When a mixture from many crude oil sources is processed in refinery, the salt content can vary greatly. Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical. Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality.

Therefore, the mixing valve element is replaced with electric mixing. New logic research case using v sep to treat desalter. Larry kremer, baker petrolite crude oil quality group may 29, 2003 this presentation contains the proprietary information of baker petrolite corporation. Further salts are detrimental for catalysts in the downstream conversion processes.

Deferric agents te3 and te4 of the polyamine carboxylate types had a better. The salt can lead to fouling and corrosion of heat exchangers and distillation overhead systems. Use of advanced electrostatic fields for improved dehydration and desalting of heavy crude oil and dilbit e. The lpc, kpc and dpc process liaohe heavy oil lho, karamay fengcheng heavy oil kho and daqing light oil dlo, respectively. It is recognized that an electric field can be used to mix the dilution water and the crude oil at high efficiencies in the course of the emulsification stage. Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality on desalting. Although distillation is usually known as the first process in petroleum refineries, in many cases, desalting should take place before distillation figure 3.

Non standard tests for predict impact of crude oil quality on. This salt needs to be removed so that the crude oil can be processed in a refinery or stabilizer plant without fouling heaters and exchangers and other equipment. The salt content of crude oil is reduced by washing crude oil containing residual salt water with wash water of lower salinity than the water present in the crude oil and allowing the resulting mixture to settle into a layer of crude oil of reduced salt water content and a layer of saline water. Our surfactants have long hydrophobic segments which efficiently break down crude petroleum emulsions.

The salt content in the crude oil varies depending on source of the crude oil. Electrical desalter is an effective method in crude oil desalting. There are also subdefinitions for very heavy oil below api 14 extra heavy oil api 11 and below. Pdf oil produced in most oil fields is accompanied by water in the form of an emulsion that must be treated. Desalters provide more protection to costly refinery equipment than any other single piece of process hardware. When the salinity of the produced brine is not too high, merely ensuring that there is a low fraction of water in the oil can reduce salt content. Process design of crude oil electrostatic desalters malaysia. Crude oil dehydration and desalting longdom publishing sl. Crude oils also contain a great variety of heteroatomic chemical constituents, comprising of crude oil. Pdf desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil. Three highiron crude oils were studied for iron distributions, deferrization, and desalting in the desalting process. In other words, one would consider the main function of the desalter is to remove salts soluble in water from the crude oil. Psulphur, oxygen, carbondioxide, nitrogen and trace metals.

Desalting of crude oil will eliminate or minimize problems resulting from the presence of mineral salts in crude oil. Modelling and optimising of crude oil desalting process. Bhge can help you overcome these concerns with our comprehensive crude oil management approach, which includes a suite of tools and technologies that provide the best feedstock preparation and desalting performance possible to maximize your profitability and minimize your risk. Using our wellestablished crude oil management concepts, the xeric program provides your refinery with a comprehensive systemwide analysis, effective chemical treatment technologies, and a broadbased design for mitigating heavy oil processing problems. Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting technology for crude oil combines five technologies to provide a compact, reliable, and effective desalter with a single vessel. Lho and kho are typical naphthenebase crude oils, and dlo is a typical paraffinic crude oil in china.

The equipment used for the removal of salts, suspended solids and water soluble trace metalsslits, iron oxides, sand etc. The main variables that impact the crude oil desalting process were analyzed by developing mathematical models that represent the variation of maya crude oil density, conductivity and viscosity as. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. The purpose of a desalting system is to reduce the salt content of the treated oil to acceptable levels. Good desalting practices are important for corrosion and fouling control. The type and size of the desalter that is used is dependent on a number of fundamental factors such as pressure, temperature, fluid viscosity and flowrate, as well as customer requirements. During the desalting process, the challenge is to overcome the existence of an emulsion layer at the interface between oil and water. Heavy crude oil normally refers to crude oils with an api gravity of 20 or less. Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. Purpose of crude oil desalting crude oil introduced to refinery processing contains many undesirable impurities, such as sand, inorganic salts, drilling mud, polymer, corrosion byproduct, etc.

The modern petroleum refinery has a series of core process units that create clean gasoline and low sulfur diesel fuel. Crude oil desalting type of washing water process water in addition to fresh water is used for desalting. Mandawalkar cameron process systems this paper has been selected for presentation andor publication in the proceedings for the 2012 world heavy oil congress whoc12. Pdf article open access a comprehensive electrical. By reading this presentation, the reader agrees not to disclose any information contained in the presentation without. Petroleum crude oil desalting process and unit exxonmobil. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. Oxygen occurs in different forms in oxygenbearing resinous substances. The quantity of wash water employed is greater than 7. Xeric heavy oil demulsifiers baker hughes, a ge company. Desalting the first step in crude oil refining desalting and dewatering of crude oil upstream of the crude distillation unit is a key process operation for the removal of undesirable components from crude oil before it reaches any of the major unit operations. The type and size of the desalter that is used is dependent. Use of advanced electrostatic fields for improved dehydration.

The salt content of the crude measured in pounds per thousand barrels ptb can be as high as 2000. In that case, the terms desalting and emulsion treating effectively have the same meaning, and. The desalting software programs can assist refineries wishing to turn economically priced opportunity crude oils that exhibit lower api gravity, are more sulfurous and have higher basic sediments and solids that can be filtered into something that will not inhibit performance. Desalting of crude oil is necessary due to the relationship between the price of exported crude oil and its quality.

In the process of crude oil desalination, the aim is to separate dispersed phase of brine from oil phase. Us2785120a us307077a us30707752a us2785120a us 2785120 a us2785120 a us 2785120a us 307077 a us307077 a us 307077a us 30707752 a us30707752 a us 30707752a us 2785120 a us2785120 a us 2785120a authority us united states prior art keywords phenolic oil water desalting fraction prior art date 19520829 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal. The type and size of the desalter that is used is dependent on. In addition to the higher crude oil viscosity and reduced oil brine density difference, heavy crude oil also provides additional challenges in the form of higher crude oil conductivity and solids stabilized emulsions. In order to overcome the shortcomings of electrical desalting system, such as larger equipment volume, complex high tension electricity system, a new process of crude desalting that are based on hydrocyclone technology is designed. Finally, this work aims mainly at understanding the demulsifiers role from the viewpoint of physicochemical formulation. The desalting handbook for planners was originally published in 1972 by the department of the interior, office of saline water osw, which is no longer in existence. The type and size of the desalter that is used is dependent on a number of fundamental factors such as pressure, temperature, fluid viscosity and flowrate, as well as. Electrical desalter is the typical method of crude oil desalting 2. Juan pereira is grateful to the projects 201003 cdchuc and peii20121184 peifonacit for funding. This article focuses on the use of electrostatic desalters to produce a dehydrated, desalted crude oil with a low sediment content. A crude oil desalter is a device used in petroleum refineries to remove inorganic salts, water and sediment from the incoming petroleum crude oil feedstock before it is refined. Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting. Bureau of reclamation reclamation was largely responsible for preparing this original document, which was updated in 1977.

There are several strategies to address crude contaminants before the desalter that also. Jul 21, 2015 crude oil desalting the desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. Crude oil conductivity crude oil quality association. Desalting of crude oil is an essential part of the refinery operation.

Nov 14, 2017 3d animated process flow video created by squartech solutions. In the process description section, the desalting process. The history of crude oil desaltingdehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the chemical treatment phase, the electrical enhancement phase and the dilution water phase. The water should be slightly acidic with a ph in the range of 6.